运算放大器（英语：Operational Amplifier，简称OP、OPA、op-amp、运放）是一种直流耦合，差模（差动模式）输入、通常为单端输出（Differential-in, single-ended output）的高增益（gain）电压放大器。在这种配置下，运算放大器能产生一个比输入端电势差大数十万倍的输出电势（对地而言）。因为刚开始主要用于加法，减法等模拟运算电路中，因而得名。

通常使用运算放大器时，会将其输出端与其反相输入端（inverting input node）连接，形成一负反馈组态。原因是运算放大器的电压增益非常大，范围从数百至数万倍不等，使用负回授方可保证电路的稳定运作。但是这并不代表运算放大器不能连接成正反馈组态，相反地，在很多需要产生震荡信号的系统中，正反馈组态的运算放大器是很常见的组成组件。

An operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op-amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals. Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to do mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits. The popularity of the op-amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. Due to negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.