Another category of non-cardiogenic causes is having low oncotic pressure.

非心源性的另一因素是低胶体渗透压。

Other causes include a low oncotic pressure which can be from malnutrition, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

其他因素包括低胶体渗透压，可能是营养不良、肝衰竭以及肾病综合征导致的。

Oncotic pressure results from the the inability of solutes like large proteins - albumin for example - to move across through the capillary.

胶体渗透压是由不能穿过毛细血管的溶质产生，像是大分子量蛋白质，比如白蛋白。

The oncotic pressure is higher in the pulmonary capillaries than in the interstitial fluid, so it opposes the hydrostatic pressure.

肺毛细血管的胶体渗透压比肺间质胶体渗透压高，因此它与流体静压拮抗。

If the cause is related to inflammation or low oncotic pressure, then managing that illness will help resolve the pulmonary edema.

如果病因与炎症反应或低胶体渗透压有关，那么治疗潜在疾病有助于治疗肺水肿。

Fluid therefore flows out of capillaries and leaks into the pleural space when there is decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels.

因此当血管内胶体渗透压降低时，液体流出毛细血管并进入胸膜腔。

Two causes of low oncotic pressure are cirrhosis, where the liver makes fewer proteins and nephrotic syndrome, where proteins are lost through the urine.

造成胶体渗透压降低有两个原因：一个是肝硬化，即肝的蛋白质产量减少；另一个是肾病综合征，因而大量蛋白质随着尿液流失。

With less protein in the blood the oncotic pressure falls, which lowers the overall osmotic pressure, which drives water out of the blood vessels and into the tissues, called edema.

血液中白蛋白越少，胶体渗透压下降，降低了总渗透压，使水从血管中渗出，进入组织中，称之为水肿。

A transudative pleural effusion occurs when too much fluid starts to leave the capillaries either because of increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels.

漏出性胸腔积液发生于大量液体漏出毛细血管，可能是因为血管内静水压增高或血管内胶体渗透压降低。

Regardless of the cause, low oncotic pressure leads to fluid moving from the capillary and into the interstitial space throughout the body, and in the lungs that results in pulmonary edema.

无论何种原因，低胶体渗透压导致血浆从毛细血管进入全身组织间隙，在肺中便导致肺水肿。

The next factor, though, is oncotic pressure; which is a type of osmotic pressure exerted by cells and proteins that can't cross the capillary membrane and therefore tend to attract fluid.

第二个因素是胶体渗透压，是渗透压中的一种，由细胞和蛋白质分子产生；细胞和蛋白质不能透过毛细血管膜，因此能够吸引水分。

To understand pulmonary edema, let's first talk about the three main factors that determine how fluid moves between the capillaries and interstitial fluid, which are the hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure and capillary permeability.

为了解肺水肿，我们首先讲讲决定液体如何在毛细血管和间隙之间移动的3个主要因素：1.流体静压，2.胶体渗透压，3.毛细血管通透性。