肿瘤基因组学（英语：oncogenomics）又称癌症基因组学（英语：cancer genomics）是基因组学中一门新兴的子学科，主要是通过高通量测序技术来将基因与癌症关联起来的学问。肿瘤是一种由 DNA 变异不断累积而导致细胞发生不受控激增并形成新生物的疾病。肿瘤基因组学的主要目标是通过鉴定新的原癌基因或者抑癌基因来为肿瘤诊断、肿瘤临床结果预测和肿瘤靶标治疗提供新的方法。肿瘤基因组学的应用导致了诸如伊马替尼、曲妥珠单抗和安维汀等的肿瘤靶标治疗的成功。

除了理解和找出肿瘤产生和发展的遗传学机制外，肿瘤基因组学最主要的目的是为了开发肿瘤个性化治疗的方法。肿瘤的产生是由于 DNA 变异的累积。但这些变异是随机产生的，甚至在相同类型的肿瘤个体间变异的种类和组合都不相同。所以能够识别和定位病人个体的独特变异可能会提高肿瘤的治疗效果。

Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer.

Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, **** and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.