权责发生制原则 (Accrual concept)，是会计学的基本原则、国际公认的标准。 它与现金入账原则相对。

权责发生制原则比“现金入账法”更能反映一个经济个体的财务状况。 例如，采购刚刚已经收货，未收到发票，也未付款清责，按现金入账法，仓库多了货物，现金却没少，也没有应付未付，如此不能反映事实；而按权责发生制原则，则可以加上应付未付，平衡反映公司的真实资产负债情况。

权责发生制原则可以协助内部审计，令造假账更困难，并利于有效监督。

Accrual (accumulation) of something is, in finance, the adding together of interest or different investments over a period of time. It holds specific meanings in accounting, where it can refer to accounts on a balance sheet that represent liabilities and non-cash-based assets used in accrual-based accounting. These types of accounts include, among others, accounts payable, accounts receivable, goodwill, deferred tax liability and future interest expense.