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单词 Odd prime
释义

Odd prime

中文百科

素数 Prime number

(重定向自Odd prime)
数字12不是质数,因为将12以每4个分成1组,恰可分成3组(也有其他分法)。11则无法分成数量都大于1且都相同的各组,而都会有剩余。因此,11为质数。
建构正五边形。5是个费马质数。
图中的曲线分别表示π(n)(蓝)、n / ln (n)(绿)与Li(n)(红)。

质数Prime number),又称素数,指在大于1的自然数中,除了1和该数自身外,无法被其他自然数整除的数(也可定义为只有1与该数本身两个因数的数)。大于1的自然数若不是质数,则称之为合数。例如,5是个质数,因为其正因数只有1与5,而6则是个合数,因为除了1与6外,2与3也是其正因数。算术基本定理确立了质数于数论里的核心地位:任何大于1的整数均可被表示成一串唯一质数之乘积。该定理的唯一性需将1排除于质数外,因为在因数分解中可以有任意多个1,如3、1*3、1*1*3等都是3的有效因数分解。 验证一个数字 n 是否为质数的一种简单但缓慢的方法为试除法。此一方法会测试 n 是否为任一在2与\sqrt{n}之间的整数之倍数。比试除法更加有效率的算法已被发现用来测试较大的数字是否为质数。特别的是,对一些特别形式的数字(如梅森数),有更快的方法。直到2016年1月为止,已知最大的质数为2-1。

英语百科

Prime number 素数

(重定向自Odd prime)
Demonstration, with Cuisenaire rods, that the number 7 is prime, being divisible only by 1 and 7
The number 12 is not a prime, as 12 items can be placed into 3 equal-size columns of 4 each (among other ways). 11 items cannot be all placed into several equal-size columns of more than 1 item each without some extra items leftover (a remainder). Therefore, the number 11 is a prime.
A chart depicting π(n) (blue), n / ln (n) (green) and Li(n) (red)

A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors, whereas 6 is composite because it has the divisors 2 and 3 in addition to 1 and 6. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes the central role of primes in number theory: any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes that is unique up to ordering. The uniqueness in this theorem requires excluding 1 as a prime because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization, e.g., 3, 1 · 3, 1 · 1 · 3, etc. are all valid factorizations of 3.

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更新时间:2025/6/23 18:20:28