在数学和自动控制领域中，李雅普诺夫稳定性（英语：Lyapunov stability，或李亚普诺夫稳定性）可用来描述一个动力系统的稳定性。如果此动力系统任何初始条件在 附近的轨迹均能维持在 附近，那幺该系统可以称为在处李雅普诺夫稳定。

若任何初始条件在 附近的轨迹最后都趋近，那幺该系统可以称为在处渐近稳定。指数稳定可用来保证系统最小的衰减速率，也可以估计轨迹收敛的快慢。

李雅普诺夫稳定性可用在线性及非线性的系统中。不过线性系统的稳定性可由其他方式求得，因此李雅普诺夫稳定性多半用来分析非线性系统的稳定性。李亚普诺夫稳定性的概念可以延伸到无限维的流形，即为结构稳定性，是考虑微分方程中一群不同但「接近」的解的行为。输入-状态稳定性（ISS）则是将李雅普诺夫稳定性应用在有输入的系统。

Various types of stability may be discussed for the solutions of differential equations describing dynamical systems. The most important type is that concerning the stability of solutions near to a point of equilibrium. This may be discussed by the theory of Lyapunov. In simple terms, if the solutions that start out near an equilibrium point stay near forever, then is Lyapunov stable. More strongly, if is Lyapunov stable and all solutions that start out near converge to , then is asymptotically stable. The notion of exponential stability guarantees a minimal rate of decay, i.e., an estimate of how quickly the solutions converge. The idea of Lyapunov stability can be extended to infinite-dimensional manifolds, where it is known as structural stability, which concerns the behavior of different but "nearby" solutions to differential equations. Input-to-state stability (ISS) applies Lyapunov notions to systems with inputs.