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单词 Nyquist Sampling Theorem
释义

Nyquist Sampling Theorem

中文百科

采样定理 Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem

(重定向自Nyquist Sampling Theorem)
图1:带宽限制的函数的傅里叶变换的模
范式的Sinc函数:sin(πx) / (πx) ...其中央峰值在x= 0,其他整数值的x时为零交越点
图4:X(f)(上图蓝色部份)及XA(f)(下图蓝色部份)是二个不同函数x(t)及xA(t)(原函数省略不列出)的连续傅里叶变换。当二个函数以fs的速率采样时,且确认信号的离散傅里叶变换(DTFT)时,其镜相(image,绿色部份)会和转换后信号(蓝色部份)叠加。在这个假设的例子中,二函数的离散傅里叶变换相同,表示采样到的信号也相同,可是在采样前的原函数是不同的。若这是声音频号,x(t)和xA(t)听起来是不一样的,可是其以fs速率的采样是一样的,因此最后重制的声音是相同的,xA(t)是x(t)在此取様频率下的混叠(alias)
图5:Xs(f)是由适当带宽滤波器滤波后的信号,其频谱(蓝色)和其相邻的DTFT镜像(绿色)不会重叠。brick-wall低通滤波器H(f)可以移除镜像,留下原始的频谱X(f),由采样后的信号还原为(滤波后)的原始信号

在数字信号处理领域,采样定理是连续信号(通常称作“模拟信号”)与离散信号(通常称作“数字信号”)之间的一个基本桥梁。它确定了信号带宽的上限,或能捕获连续信号的所有信息的离散采样信号所允许的采样频率的下限。

严格地说,定理仅适用于具有傅里叶变换的一类数学函数,即频率在有限区域以外为零(参照图1)。离散时间傅里叶变换(泊松求和公式的一种形式)提供了实际信号的解析延拓,但只能近似该条件。直观上我们希望,当把连续函数化为采样值(叫做“样本”)的离散串行并插值到连续函数中,结果的保真度取决于原始采样的密度(或采样率)。采样定理介绍了对带宽限制的函数类型来说保真度足够完整的采样率的概念;在采样过程中"信息"实际没有损失。定理用函数的带宽来表示采样率。定理也导出了一个数学上理想的原连续信号的重构公式。

英语百科

Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem 采样定理

(重定向自Nyquist Sampling Theorem)
Example of magnitude of the Fourier transform of a bandlimited function
The normalized sinc function: sin(πx) / (πx) ... showing the central peak at x= 0, and zero-crossings at the other integer values of x.
X(f) (top blue) and XA(f) (bottom blue) are continuous Fourier transforms of two different functions, x(t) and xA(t) (not shown). When the functions are sampled at rate fs, the images (green) are added to the original transforms (blue) when one examines the discrete-time Fourier transforms (DTFT) of the sequences. In this hypothetical example, the DTFTs are identical, which means the sampled sequences are identical, even though the original continuous pre-sampled functions are not. If these were audio signals, x(t) and xA(t) might not sound the same. But their samples (taken at rate fs) are identical and would lead to identical reproduced sounds; thus xA(t) is an alias of x(t) at this sample rate.
Spectrum, Xs(f), of a properly sampled bandlimited signal (blue) and the adjacent DTFT images (green) that do not overlap. A brick-wall low-pass filter, H(f), removes the images, leaves the original spectrum, X(f), and recovers the original signal from its samples.

In the field of digital signal processing, the sampling theorem is a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals (often called "analog signals") and discrete-time signals (often called "digital signals"). It establishes a sufficient condition for a sample rate that permits a discrete sequence of samples to capture all the information from a continuous-time signal of finite bandwidth.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 5:03:17