背棘鱼目（英文：Notacanthiformes）为辐鳍鱼纲其中一目，是一类鳗形深海鱼类，栖息在水深120—4900m的深海，多数栖息于450—2500米水域，为肉食性鱼类。某些种类具有发光器官。

背棘鱼目下分为两科

• 海蜥鱼科（Halosauridae）
• 背棘鱼科（Notacanthidae）

The Notacanthiformes are an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes, consisting of the families Halosauridae and Notacanthidae (spiny eels).

The order is of relatively recent vintage; Fishes of the World lists it as the suborder Notacanthoidei of Albuliformes. The notacanthiforms are much more eel-like than the albuliforms; for instance, the caudal fin has disappeared.