西北水道，或译西北航道（英语：Northwest Passage），是一条穿越加拿大北极群岛，连接大西洋和太平洋的航道。

1845年，英国海军派遣约翰·富兰克林率领两艘船探索西北水道。富兰克林的船只在1846年以后一直被海面结冰围困，停留在威廉王岛附近无法离开，最终全部队员在此次探险中死亡。

1903年，挪威探险家罗尔德·亚孟森乘小船从大西洋进入西北水道，3年后到达阿拉斯加，成为第一个乘船通过整个西北水道的人。不过当时的西北水道对普通商船来说并不安全，经济上也不可行。

The Northwest Passage is a sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The various islands of the archipelago are separated from one another and from the Canadian mainland by a series of Arctic waterways collectively known as the Northwest Passages or Northwestern Passages. The Parliament of Canada renamed these waterways the "Canadian Northwest Passage" in a motion that was passed unanimously in December 2009.