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单词 Normal stress
释义

Normal stress

原声例句
心理学小课堂

The normal stress response occurs when adults experience one distinct event that disrupts their entire life.

当成年人经历一件破坏他们整个生活的独特事件时,就会发生一种正常的应压反应。

中文百科

应力 Stress (mechanics)

(重定向自Normal stress)
图1,在一个可变形连续物质内部的各种可能应力

在连续介质力学里,应力定义为单位面积所承受的作用力。以公式标记为

其中,\sigma \,表示应力;\Delta F_j\,表示在j\,方向的施力;\Delta A_i \,表示在i\,方向的受力面积。

假设受力面积与施力方向正交,则称此应力分量为正向应力,如图1所示的\sigma_{11}\,\sigma_{22}\,\sigma_{33}\,,都是正向应力;假设受力面积与施力方向互相平行,则称此应力分量为剪应力(shear stress),如图1所示的\sigma_{12}\,\sigma_{13}\,\sigma_{21}\,\sigma_{23}\,\sigma_{31}\,\sigma_{32}\,,都是剪应力。

「内应力」指组成单一构造的不同材质之间,因材质差异而导致变形方式的不同,继而产生的各种应力。

采用国际单位制,应力的单位是帕斯卡(Pa),等于1牛顿/平方公尺。应力的单位与压强的单位相同。两种物理量都是单位面积的作用力的度量。通常,在工程学里,使用的单位是megapascals(MPa)或gigapascals(GPa)。采用英制单位,应力的单位是磅力/平方英寸(psi)或千磅力/平方英寸(ksi)。

英语百科

Stress (mechanics) 应力

(重定向自Normal stress)
Built-in strain, inside the plastic protractor, developed by the stress of the shape of the protractor, is revealed by the effect of polarized light.
Inca bridge on the Apurimac River
The stress across a surface element (yellow disk) is the force that the material on one side (top ball) exerts on the material on the other side (bottom ball), divided by the area of the surface.
Glass vase with the craquelé effect. The cracks are the result of brief but intense stress created when the semi-molten piece is briefly dipped in water.[6]

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material. For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting a weight, each particle in the bar pushes on the particles immediately below it. When a liquid is in a closed container under pressure, each particle gets pushed against by all the surrounding particles. The container walls and the pressure-inducing surface (such as a piston) push against them in (Newtonian) reaction. These macroscopic forces are actually the average of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the particles in those molecules.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 0:18:14