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单词 Normal shock
释义

Normal shock

中文百科

激波 Shock wave

(重定向自Normal shock)

震波(Shock Wave),又译冲击波骇波激波,属于紊流的一种传播形式。如同其他通常形式下的波动,激波也可以通过介质传输能量。在某些不存在物理介质的特殊情况下,激波可以通过场,如电磁场来传输能量。激波的主要特点表现为介质特性(如压力、温度、或速度)在激波前后发生了一个像正的阶梯函数般的突然变化。与此相应的负的阶跃则为膨胀波。声学激波其速度一般高于通常波速(在空气中即音速)。

不像孤波(另一种形式的非线性波),激波随距离的增加耗散很快。而且,膨胀波总是伴随着激波,并最终与激波合并。这部分抵消了激波的影响。声爆,一种超音速飞机通过时产生的声学现象,即是由激波——膨胀波对的耗散和湮灭所产生的。

英语百科

Shock wave 激波

(重定向自Normal shock)
Schlieren photograph of an attached shock on a sharp-nosed supersonic body.
Pressure-time diagram at an external observation point for the case of a supersonic object propagating past the observer. The leading edge of the object causes a shock (left, in red) and the trailing edge of the object causes an expansion (right, in blue).
 Shock wave propagating into a stationary medium, ahead of the fireball of an explosion. The shock is made visible by the shadow effect (Trinity explosion.)
Schlieren photograph of the detached shock on a bullet in supersonic flight, published by Ernst Mach and Peter Salcher in 1887.

In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance. When a wave moves faster than the local speed of sound in a fluid it is a shock wave. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy, and can propagate through a medium; however it is characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous change in pressure, temperature and density of the medium. In supersonic flows, expansion is achieved through an expansion fan also known as a Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 5:06:33