散光（又称乱视，小儿散光，散光眼，Astigmatism）散光是眼睛的一种屈光不正常表现，与角膜的弧度有关。有些人眼睛的角膜在某一角度区域的弧度较弯，而另一些角度区域则较扁平。造成散光的原因，就是由于角膜上的这些厚薄不匀或角膜的弯曲度不匀而使得角膜各子午线的屈折率不一致，使得经过这些子午线的光线不能聚集于同一焦点，光线不能准确地聚焦在视网膜上形成清晰的物像，这种情况称为散光。

人类的眼睛并不是完美的，如果角膜在某一角度的弧度较弯，而另一些角度则较扁平，光线便不能准确地聚焦在视网膜上，这种情况便称为散光。散光患者看东西时会较难细微地看清景物。一般情况下，散光并不会独自出现，患者的眼睛通常都会伴有近视或远视。

Astigmatism is an optical defect in which vision is blurred due to the inability of the optics of the eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina. This may be due to an irregular or toric curvature of the cornea or lens. The two types of astigmatism are regular and irregular. Irregular astigmatism is often caused by a corneal scar or scattering in the crystalline lens, and cannot be corrected by standard spectacle lenses, but can be corrected by contact lenses. The more common regular astigmatism arising from either the cornea or crystalline lens can be corrected by eyeglasses or toric lenses. A 'toric' surface resembles a section of the surface of a Rugby ball or a doughnut where there are two regular radii, one smaller than the other one. This optical shape gives rise to astigmatism in the eye.