And that's all a habit is, associative learning.

这就是习惯，联想学习。

This is the reason it's called unlimited associative learning.

这就是它被称为无限联想学习的原因。

It proposes a model of associative learning which suggests that researchers have got things backwards.

这项研究提出了一个联想学习模型，认为研究人员把事情搞反了。

For example, unlimited associative learning helps animals to respond to changing environments and to explore new territories.

例如，无限的联想学习有助于动物对不断变化的环境做出反应，并探索新的领域。

And this helps explain why consciousness evolved, because according to Jablonka and Ginsburg, unlimited associative learning is only possible if you possess all the abilities associated with consciousness.

这有助于解释为什么意识会进化，因为根据 Jablonka 和 Ginsburg 的说法，无限的联想学习只有在你拥有所有与意识相关的能力时才有可能。

Well, an exciting new theory from Ava Jablonka at Tel Aviv University and Simona Ginsburg at the Open University of Israel hinges around a process called unlimited associative learning.

特拉维夫大学的艾娃·雅布隆卡和以色列开放大学的西蒙娜·金斯伯格提出了一个令人兴奋的新理论，这个理论围绕着一个被称为无限联想学习的过程。

By comparing which animals demonstrate unlimited associative learning today, it is also possible to trace back through the evolutionary tree to guess which of our ancestors first evolved this ability and, therefore, when consciousness first evolved on Earth.

通过比较今天哪些动物表现出无限的联想学习能力，也有可能追溯进化树，猜测我们的祖先是谁首先进化出这种能力的，因此，意识是什么时候在地球上进化出来的。