核磁共振（NMR，Nuclear Magnetic Resonance）是基于原子尺度的量子磁物理性质。具有奇数质子或中子的核子，具有内在的性质：核自旋，自旋角动量。核自旋产生磁矩。NMR观测原子的方法，是将样品置于外加强大的磁场下，现代的仪器通常采用低温超导磁铁。核自旋本身的磁场，在外加磁场下重新排列，大多数核自旋会处于低能态。我们额外施加电磁场来干涉低能态的核自旋转向高能态，再回到平衡态便会释放出射频，这就是NMR信号。利用这样的过程，可以进行分子科学的研究，如分子结构、动态等。

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation. This energy is at a specific resonance frequency which depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of the isotope of the atoms; in practical applications, the frequency is similar to VHF and UHF television broadcasts (60–1000 MHz). NMR allows the observation of specific quantum mechanical magnetic properties of the atomic nucleus. Many scientific techniques exploit NMR phenomena to study molecular physics, crystals, and non-crystalline materials through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).