尼尼微（阿拉米语：ܢܝܢܘܐ ；英语：Nineveh）为古代亚述帝国的重镇之一，于底格里斯河东岸，在今日伊拉克北部城市摩苏尔附近。

自公元前11世纪起即成为亚述帝国的首都，尼尼微于公元前8世纪至公元前7世纪的亚述王辛那赫里布（Sennacherib）最为繁荣，特别是亚述的国家图书馆的数千泥板文书，为古美索不达米亚史中极珍贵的数据。但于公元前612年伊朗高原强国米底和新崛起的新巴比伦王国联合围攻尼尼微，并成功攻陷尼尼微。公元前605年强盛一时的亚述帝国正式灭亡，尼尼微随之没落。

尼尼微后来几易其主，遗址位于今伊拉克尼尼微省。时至今日，尼尼微附近地区仍然生活着大量亚述人，当代亚述人仍使用古老的阿拉米语，信仰东方礼的基督教。

Nineveh (/ˈnɪnɪvə/ or /ˈnɪnəvə/; Akkadian:Ninua) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in modern-day northern Iraq; it is on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

It was the largest city in the world for some fifty years until, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria itself, it was sacked by an unusual coalition of former subject peoples, the Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Chaldeans, Scythians and Cimmerians in 612 BC. Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul, in the Ninawa Governorate of Iraq. The two main tells, or mound-ruins, within the walls are Kouyunjik (Kuyuncuk), the Northern Palace, and Tell Nabī Yūnus.