新批评（英语：New Criticism）是一种关注文本主体的形式主义批评，认为文学研究应以作品为中心，对作品的语言、构成、意象等进行细致的分析。但新批评从来便不是一个统一的流派，是由后来的文论史家对20世纪20、30年代以来在英美新兴的批评倾向的一种概括。在英国以I·A·理查兹（I. A. Richards）、威廉·燕卜荪（William Empson）、F·R·利维斯（F. R. Leavis）为代表，在美国以约翰·克罗·蓝色姆（John Crowe Ransom）、克林斯·布鲁克斯、艾伦·泰特、罗伯特·潘·沃伦、W·K·维姆萨特（William Kurtz Wimsatt, Jr.）、R·P·布莱克穆尔（R. P. Blackmur）为代表。

New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object. The movement derived its name from John Crowe Ransom's 1941 book The New Criticism. The work of English scholar I. A. Richards, especially his Practical Criticism and The Meaning of Meaning, which offered what was claimed to be an empirical scientific approach, were important to the development of New Critical methodology. Also very influential were the critical essays of T. S. Eliot, such as "Tradition and the Individual Talent" and "Hamlet and His Problems", in which Eliot developed his notion of the "objective correlative". Eliot's evaluative judgments, such as his condemnation of Milton and Shelley, his liking for the so-called metaphysical poets and his insistence that poetry must be impersonal, greatly influenced the formation of the New Critical canon.