网络科学是从交叉学科研究成长起来的一个新兴的学术领域。致力于研究复杂网络的性质，并且应用这些性质去研究一些具有网络特点的领域，比如信息技术网络，计算机网络，生物圈网络，学习和认知网络，社会关系网络以及经济和金融网络。这个领域以数学中的图论为理论基础，从物理中的统计力学，计算机科学中的数据挖掘和信息可视化，统计学中的推断建模，以及社会学和经济学中的社会结构理论等学科和分之中汲取方法论营养。美国国家科研委员会（National Research Council）将网络科学定义为 “研究物理，生物，和社会现象的网络化表达，创建针对这些象限具有预测效果的模型” 的学科。

Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges). The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."