财务状况表，也叫做资产负债表（GAAP旧制：Balance Sheet；IFRS制：Statement of Financial Position），为会计、商业会计或簿记实务上的财务报表之一，与损益表（综合损益表）、现金流量表、权益变动表并列企业四大常用财务报表。资产负债表利用会计平衡原则，将合乎会计原则的资产、负债、股东权益交易科目分为「资产」和「负债及股东权益」两大区块，在经过分录、转帐、分类帐、试算、调整等等会计进程后，以特定日期的静态企业情况为基准，浓缩成一张报表。其报表功用除了企业内部除错、经营方向、防止弊端外，也可让所有阅读者于最短时间了解企业经营状况。

In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation or other business organization, such as an LLC or an LLP. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. A balance sheet is often described as a "snapshot of a company's financial condition". Of the three basic financial statements, the balance sheet is the only statement which applies to a single point in time of a business' calendar year.