水成论 Neptunism
（重定向自Neptunian theory）
水成论是地质学史上的一种学说，由德国地质学家亚伯拉罕·戈特洛布·维尔纳于18世纪晚期所创立。水成论主张地球一切的岩石都是在水中沉积形成的，强调水的沉积作用，不承认存在火成岩一类的岩石。维尔纳是著名的地质教育家，所以水成论曾盛行一时。与之对立的是由苏格兰地质学家詹姆斯·哈顿提出的火成论。水成论与火成论之间的争论持续了几十年，成为地质学史上著名的“水火之争”。
Neptunian theory
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Neptunism 水成论
（重定向自Neptunian theory）
Neptunism, a superseded scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749-1817) in the late 18th century, proposed rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.
The theory took its name from Neptune, the ancient Roman god of the sea. There was considerable debate between its proponents (Neptunists) and those favouring a rival theory known as plutonism which gave a significant role to volcanic origins, and which in modified form replaced neptunism in the early 19th century as the principle of uniformitarianism was shown to fit better with the geological facts as they became better known.
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