But what exactly is nephrotic syndrome?

但是究竟什么是肾病综合征呢？

Alternatively it could be due to losing protein too quickly like in nephrotic syndrome.

这也可能是由于肾病综合征等因素导致蛋白流失过快。

Other causes include a low oncotic pressure which can be from malnutrition, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

其他因素包括低胶体渗透压，可能是营养不良、肝衰竭以及肾病综合征导致的。

Another cause is excessive urinary loss of these proteins which can happen in people with nephrotic syndrome.

另一个病因是蛋白过多地从尿中排出，可出现在肾病综合征患者中。

Alright, so with membranous glomerulonephritis, the basement membrane becomes damaged which causes nephrotic syndrome.

好，所以在膜性肾小球肾炎中，基底膜受损，可导致肾病综合征。

And those are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome—proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria.

这些是肾病综合征的特征：蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、水肿、高脂血症，以及脂尿。

Those glomeruli that are affected, though, allow proteins to filter through into the urine, and ultimately people with FSGS develop nephrotic syndrome.

当这些肾小球受累，蛋白质可滤过入尿，最终，FSGS患者出现肾病综合征。

Two causes of low oncotic pressure are cirrhosis, where the liver makes fewer proteins and nephrotic syndrome, where proteins are lost through the urine.

造成胶体渗透压降低有两个原因：一个是肝硬化，即肝的蛋白质产量减少；另一个是肾病综合征，因而大量蛋白质随着尿液流失。

So focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of nephrotic syndrome, that's helpful, but why does the glomerulus develop segmental sclerosis in the first place?

那么局灶节段性肾小球肾炎是肾病综合征的一种，这很有帮助，但肾小球是如何原发性地产生节段性硬化的呢？

Some research suggests that these changes in FSGS are a continuation from another nephrotic syndrome called minimal change disease which is also characterized by podocyte injury.

一些研究表明FSGS的病变是由另一种肾病综合征微小病变性肾病发展而来的；该病也是由足细胞损伤介导的。