液晶，即液态晶体（Liquid Crystal，LC），是相态的一种，因为具有特殊的理化与光电特性，20世纪中叶开始被广泛应用在轻薄型的显示技术上。

人们熟悉的物质状态（又称相）为气、液、固，较为生疏的是电浆和液晶。液晶相要具有特殊形状分子组合时会产生，它们可以流动，又拥有结晶的光学性质。液晶的定义，现在已放宽而囊括了在某一温度范围可以实现液晶相，在较低温度为正常结晶之物质。而液晶的组成物质是一种有机化合物，也就是以碳为中心所构成的化合物。同时具有两种物质的液晶，是以分子间力量组合的，它们的特殊光学性质，又对电磁场敏感，极有实用价值。

Liquid crystals (LCs) are matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional liquid and those of solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the liquid-crystal molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in a liquid-crystal phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam).