When other people are made worse off that's called a negative externality.

当别人变得更糟时，它被称为负外部性。

Market-based approaches to reduce negative externalities are also used to fight climate change.

减少负外部性的以市场为基础的方法也被用于应对气候变化。

The tax drives up the price, consumers buy fewer cigarettes, and this addresses the negative externality.

税收提高了香烟的价格，消费者购买的香烟减少了，这就解决了负外部性问题。

Negative externalities, they're called in economics, costs that the price of the product doesn't include.

负外部性，它们在经济学中被称为产品价格不包括的成本。

Moreover, Jonathan Foley adds, American efficiency generates plenty of negative externalities itself.

此外，Jonathan Foley 补充说，美国的效率本身会产生大量的负外部性。

The negative externality of Uber cars becoming more productive is taxi drivers seeing the value of their licenses drop by as much as 30 percent in New York, for example.

。 例如，优步汽车变得更有效率的负面外部性是出租车司机看到他们的执照价值在纽约下降了 30%。