曲霉属（学名：Aspergillus ）是属于散囊菌目发菌科的腐生菌，在自然界广泛分布。最初由意大利植物学家米切里（Pier Antonio Micheli）于1729年描述。

曲霉中大多数只有无性型（anamorph），一部分则具有有性型（teleomorph）。根据《国际植物命名法规》，曲霉属为无性型属，而相应的有性型分别属于以下有性型属：

Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of a few hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Today, aspergillum is also the name of an ****ual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage.