So oncogenes or mutated tumor suppressor genes allow cells to keep growing uncontrollably resulting into tumors.

因此，癌基因或突变的抑癌基因使细胞不受控制地增长，导致肿瘤发生。

With primary progressive MS, a single mutated gene can greatly increase the risk for developing the disease.

单个的基因突变会大大增加原发进展型MS的发病风险。

When copying the mutated gene, DNA polymerase can basically lose track of which CAG it's on and accidentally add extra CAGs.

在复制突变基因时，DNA聚合酶基本上无法定位它所处的CAG位置，并由此意外添加了额外的CAG。

The remaining 10% of cases are hereditary, where a mother or father with ALS passes on a mutated gene to their child.

其余10％的病例是遗传性的，患有ALS的母亲或父亲会将突变基因传给他们的孩子。

The mutations are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that you need mutated genes from both parents to get the disease.

这种变异以常染色体隐性遗传方式遗传，即只有同时遗传父母双方的突变基因才会患病。

Instead of looking at the doubly mutated gene in bird flu, the team transplanted it into the virus that caused the human-flu pandemic of 2009.

这支团队并没有继续研究这种禽流感病毒中的双重变异基因，而是将其移植到引起2009年猪流感流行的病毒中。

For pretty little being with the mutated MCR-1 gene, I have five.

- 对于几乎没有突变的 MCR-1 基因，我有五个。

This can either be caused by a 'cis' deletion, where mutated genes are on the same chromosome; or a 'trans' deletion when the mutated genes are on two different chromosomes.

这可以由突变基因位于同一染色体上的“顺式”缺失或突变基因位于不同的两条染色体上的“反式”缺失引起。

Only a small percentage of women inherit the same mutated gene similar to Jolie's.

只有一小部分女性继承了与朱莉相似的相同突变基因。

Dr. Brown says women with mutated genes who get preventative surgery have a 98 percent chance of staying cancer free.

布朗博士说， 接受预防性手术的具有突变基因的女性有 98% 的机会远离癌症。

Most people think of radioactivity as just some thing that mutates genes and melts faces off.

大多数人认为放射性只是使基因突变并融化面孔的某种东西。

In 2008, a patient in Berlin, Germany, was cured of HIV when he received a mutated gene during a bone marrow transplant from a donor naturally resistant to HIV.

2008年，德国柏林一位患者在骨髓移植中得到一名天然对艾滋病毒有抗性捐赠者的突变基因，因此艾滋病痊愈。

Women with one mutated gene copy have a remaining healthy copy, so they don't get hemophilia unless X-chromosome inactivation turns off the normal copy in the majority of cells.

携带一个突变基因的女性还有一个健康的基因拷贝，所以她们一般不会患血友病，除非X染色体失活使得大多数细胞中正常的基因拷贝沉默。

One of those diseases was cystic fibrosis, where a mutated gene causes excess mucus production in the lungs and other organs.

其中一种疾病是囊性纤维化，突变基因会导致肺部和其他器官产生过多的粘液。

And what if you replaced that mutated gene before an embryo even developed -- like, in an egg or sperm cell?

如果你甚至在胚胎发育之前就替换了那个突变基因——比如在卵子或精子细胞中？

This got some researchers to thinking: What if we could swap out that mutated gene, and put in a new one?

这让一些研究人员开始思考：如果我们可以换掉那个突变的基因，然后放入一个新的基因会怎样？

CF develops when there's a mutation in the CFTR gene, but because it's autosomal recessive, you need to inherit two mutated CFTR genes, one from mom and one from dad.

CFTR基因突变时会产生CF，但它是常染色体隐形遗传的；患者体内两条CFTR突变基因，一条来自母亲，另一条来自父亲。

But for most point mutations that cause genetic diseases, simply cutting the already-mutated gene won't benefit patients, because the function of the mutated gene needs to be restored, not further disrupted.

但是对于大多数导致遗传疾病的点突变来说，仅仅切割已经突变的基因对患者没有好处，因为突变基因的功能需要恢复，而不是进一步破坏。

Director of the Center for AIDS Research at the University of Miami, Mario Stevenson, said researchers are now trying to find a way to deliver the mutated gene on a large scale.

迈阿密大学艾滋病研究中心主任马里奥·史蒂文森说研究者在努力找到能大规模提供这种突变基因的办法。

It was named by two scientists, who later shared the Noble Prize for their work, who found that mutating this gene in fruit flies produced pointy spikes like a hedgehog.

两位科学家命名了这一基因，他们随后获得诺贝尔奖。他们发现，果蝇体内这一变异的基因会产生像刺猬一样的尖刺。