Next is the muscularis externa, a smooth muscle layer, which contracts automatically, without you even having to think about it.

往内是肌层，由平滑肌构成；它们不需要你的意志参与，便能够自主收缩。

Now, surrounded by the muscularis externa is the submucosa, which consists of a dense layer of tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

在肌层包裹下的是粘膜下层；它由一层致密组织构成，其中含有血管、淋巴和神经。

The outermost layer of the mucosa is the muscularis mucosa or muscularis interna, and it's a layer of smooth muscle that contracts and helps break down food.

粘膜层的最外层为粘膜肌层，也可称为内肌层；它由一层平滑肌构成，可帮助碾碎食物。

And outside that, you have the muscularis externa layer, which as you might guess, is where you find the muscles responsible for moving food through your tube.

在那之外，你有肌层，正如你可能猜到的，是你发现负责通过管子移动食物的肌肉的地方。

To help churn the food, the stomach has an extra layer of oblique smooth muscle within its muscularis externa that allows it to contract and expand like a big accordion.

为了更好地搅拌食物，胃部的肌层还有一层额外的斜行肌，可以使胃部像一个大手风琴那样收缩和扩张。

For one thing, the muscularis includes an additional layer of smooth muscle that gives it extra strength, allowing the stomach not just to hold materials, but to actively smush them around.

首先，肌层包括一层额外的平滑肌，给它额外的力量，让胃不仅能容纳材料，还能积极地挤压它们。

Now, the esophagus has a particularly thick muscularis externa that propels the bolus of food down to the esophageal sphincter , which opens, allowing the bolus to pass into the stomach.

食管的肌层非常厚，这有助于食管将食团推向食管括约肌；食管括约肌适时开放，以便食团进入胃部。

The mucosa also has three layers of its own: a layer made of stratified squamous epithelium; a layer of connective tissue, called the lamina propria; and a layer of muscle cells, called the muscularis mucosae.

黏膜层本身又由三层结构组成，一层复层鳞状上皮，一层结缔组织，又叫固有层，还有一层肌细胞，又叫黏膜肌层。

But of course it's much more than just a storage tank — it's lined with the same four main layers found through most of the GI tract — the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa — but it's got a few special modifications.

当然，它不仅仅是一个储存罐。它内衬着与大部分胃肠道相同的四个主要层——粘膜、粘膜下层、外肌层和浆膜——但它有一些特殊的修改。