多瘤齿兽目（Multituberculata）为一种早期的哺乳动物，生存了相当长的一段时间，最后在渐新世完全灭绝了。 多瘤齿兽类生存了超过1亿年的时间，因此常常被生物学家认为是最成功的哺乳类之一。与啮齿类相似，牠们第一次出现在侏㑩纪中期（约1亿6000万年前），而且在白垩纪大灭绝中存活下来，最后在渐新世早期（约3500万年前）完全灭绝。

Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct taxon of rodent-like mammals that existed for approximately one hundred and twenty million years —the second longest fossil history of any mammal lineage, after Haramiyida— but eventually declined from the late Palaeocene onwards, disappearing in the early Oligocene, though they might have lived even longer into the Miocene, if gondwanatheres are part of this group. At least 200 species are known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism. Multituberculates are usually placed outside either of the two main groups of living mammals—Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and Monotremata—but closer to Theria than to monotremes.