法基赫的监护或教法学家的监护（阿拉伯语：ولاية الفقيه；波斯语：ولایت فقیه；乌尔都语：ولایت فقیه）是什叶派伊斯兰教的学说，认为伊斯兰教将管治者的职务赋予法基赫（教法学家），履行天命和监护所需者。阿訇对于管治人应握有多大的权力存在分歧，有限教法学家监护是其中一种观点，这种观点认为监护权应局限在非诉讼事项，包括宗教捐献（瓦克夫）、法律事项和没有受责人的财产。绝对教法学家监护则认为监护权包涵伊斯兰教先知和什叶派伊玛目相关的所有事项，包括国家管治。阿亚图拉鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼在1970年代的一系列演讲促成了监护理念的成形，形成了当今伊朗伊斯兰共和国宪法的基本概念。伊朗宪法规定政府的最高领袖必须是法基赫。在伊朗，教法学家的监护常被称为「教法学家的管治」或「伊斯兰法学家的管治」。

The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, also called the Governance of the Jurist (Persian: ولایت فقیه, Vilayat-e Faqih; Arabic: ولاية الفقيه, Wilayat al-Faqih) is a post-Age-of-Occultation theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people. Ulama supporting the theory disagree over how encompassing custodianship should be. One interpretation – Limited Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist – holds that guardianship should be limited to non-litigious matters (al-omour al-hesbiah) including religious endowments (Waqf) judicial matters and the property for which no specific person is responsible. Another – Absolute Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist – maintains that Guardianship should include all issues for which Prophet of Islam and Shi'a Imam have responsibility, including governance of the country. The idea of guardianship as rule was advanced by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in a series of lectures in 1970 and now forms the basis of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The constitution of Iran calls for a faqih, or Vali-ye faqih (Guardian Jurist), to serve as the Supreme Leader of the government. In the context of Iran, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist is often referred to as "rule by the jurisprudent", or "rule of the Islamic jurist".