Motivated behaviors fall into two general classes: seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

有动机的行为分为两大类：寻求快乐和避免痛苦。

And it is also acting in the brain to motivate later behaviors, like play fighting, that are particularly beneficial to many male mammals.

而且它还能在大脑中发挥作用， 激发诸如打闹之类的后续行为，这对许多雄性哺乳动物特别有益。

So, language is really what we use to provide information, to make an argument, to motivate behavior, paint a picture, tell a story.

因此，语言实际上是我们用来提供信息、进行论证、激发行为、描绘图画、讲述故事的工具。

And we have found a number of circuits that control anxiety-related behavior, compulsive overeating, social interaction, avoidance and many other types of motivated behaviors that may reflect internal emotional states.

我们还发现了许多控制与焦虑相关的行为、强迫性暴饮暴食、社交互动、回避和许多其他类型的可能反映内部情绪状态的动机行为的回路。