This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这是一种结构简单的糖，或者叫单糖。

Another monosaccharide is fructose which is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

另有一种单糖称为果糖，通常存在于蜂蜜、水果和根类蔬菜里。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有一种单糖叫半乳糖，常与乳糖相提并论。

Glucose is the most important member of the sugar family and it's a monosaccharide.

葡萄糖是糖类大家族中最重要的一员，它是一种单糖。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶与乳糖酶；它们能将称为寡糖的短链聚合糖分解成简单糖类，或称单糖。

During digestion, your body breaks down those complex carbohydrates into their monosaccharide building blocks, which your cells can use for energy.

在消化的过程中，你的身体把那些复合碳水化合物分解成它们的单糖单元，你的细胞可以利用 这些单糖来获得能量。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简单糖类，不管是天然糖还是添加糖，都是单糖与双糖的混合物。

When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三种单糖就会通过糖酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。

The main thing you need to know is that the monosaccharide glucose is the be-all-end-all molecular fuel that your cells need to make ATP.

你需要知道的主要事情是单糖葡萄糖是你细胞制造三磷酸腺苷所需的最重要的分子燃料。

Now when you eat something like a piece of onion bread, enzymes start breaking down disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides into monosaccharides so they can be absorbed.

当你吃东西时，比方说一片洋葱面包，消化酶便开始将食物中的双糖、寡糖、多糖分解为单糖，以便人体吸收。