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单词 Molecular symmetry
释义

Molecular symmetry

中文百科

分子对称性

分子对称性描述分子的对称性表现并根据分子的对称性对分子作分类。分子对称性在化学中是一项基础概念,因为它可以预测或解释许多分子的化学性质,例如分子振动、分子的偶极矩和它的光谱学数据(以拉波特规则之类的选择定则为基础)。在大学程度的物理化学、量子化学与无机化学教科书中,都有关于对称性的章节。

在各种不同的分子对称性研究架构中,群论是一项主流。这个架构在分子轨域的对称性研究中也很有用,例如应用Hückel分子轨道法、配位场理论和Woodward-Hoffmann规则等。另一个规模较大的架构,是利用晶体系统来描述材料的晶体对称性。

英语百科

Molecular symmetry 分子对称性

Symmetry elements of formaldehyde. C2 is a two-fold rotation axis. σv and σv' are two non-equivalent reflection planes.
XeF4, with square planar geometry, has 1 C4 axis and 4 C2 axes orthogonal to C4. These five axes plus the mirror plane perpendicular to the C4 axis define the D4h symmetry group of the molecule.

Molecular symmetry in chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry. Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in chemistry, as it can predict or explain many of a molecule's chemical properties, such as its dipole moment and its allowed spectroscopic transitions (based on selection rules such as the Laporte rule). Many university level textbooks on physical chemistry, quantum chemistry, and inorganic chemistry devote a chapter to symmetry.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 8:18:10