(Laughter) Prior to the rise of modern capitalism, it absolutely sucked to be weird.

（笑声）在现代资本主义崛起之前， 奇怪的行为会让你处境比较艰难。

And the Dutch really kind of invented modern capitalism as we think of it today.

荷兰人确实发明了我们今天所认为的现代资本主义。

And I don’t know if you’ve noticed, but modern capitalism is nothing if not rational.

我不知道你是否注意到，现代资本主义如果不是理性的，那就什么都不是。

In modern capitalism, the forces of production include things like factories, oil, and the internal combustion engine.

在现代资本主义中，生产力包括工厂、石油和内燃机等。

So in this view, both ideas and technology were crucial for the emergence of modern capitalism.

因此，按照这种观点，思想和技术对于现代资本主义的出现都是至关重要的。

And that these profits not only funded the Industrial Revolution, but essentially  gave birth to modern capitalism itself.

拉蒂夫：这些利润不仅资助了工业革命，而且本质上催生了现代资本主义本身。

It is a perfect example of all that modern capitalism has to offer in ways of processing food, to say primeval appetites Dr.

这是现代资本主义在加工食品方面所提供的一切的完美例子，可以说是原始食欲。

The short-term outlook is often mentioned, but the way we measure what is of value to us is also at the heart of the crisis of modern capitalism.

短期前景经常被提及，但我们衡量对我们有价值的东西的方式也是现代资本主义危机的核心。

What would be the chief characteristics you need to build into this society? What would a nation look like that was ideally suited to success in modern capitalism?

你需要在这个社会中建立的主要特征是什么？一个最适合在现代资本主义中取得成功的国家是什么样子的？

Although this will soon get more complicated, for our purposes today, industrialization is NOT capitalism - although, as we will see next week, it is connected to modern capitalism.

尽管这很快就会变得更加复杂， 但就我们今天的目的而言，工业化不是资本主义——尽管正如我们下周将看到的那样， 它与现代资本主义有关。

Sanders has been an outspoken critic of modern capitalism and his call for a more equal income distribution resonates with voters, but critics say his socialist agenda will not help him win his party's nomination.

桑德斯曾经对现代资本主义的批判直言不讳，而他对收入分配更加平等的主张赢得了许多选民的心，但是有评论人士称他的社会主义计划不会帮助他赢得提名。

They would perhaps have sold a few dozen such chairs to their local customers in a lifetime instead because they worked under modern capitalism many hundreds of thousands of chairs have been and

他们可能一辈子只卖几十把这样的椅子给当地顾客，因为他们在现代资本主义下工作， 已经有数十万把椅子被卖掉了。