Not modes of production or social integration, but ideas.

不是生产方式或社会融合，而是思想。

Marx saw this as an impasse that all modes of production eventually meet.

马克思认为这是所有生产方式最终都会遇到的绝境。

Instead, he saw historical development in terms of modes of production and economic classes.

相反，他从生产方式和经济阶级的角度来看待历史发展。

Other modes of production had crises, too, but they were caused by not having enough.

其他生产方式也有危机，但危机是因为没有足够的。

And modes of production are all defined by a combination of forces of production and relations of production.

生产方式都是由生产力和生产关系的组合决定的。

And so this is Marx's model of history: a series of modes of production, composed of forces and relations of production.

这就是马克思的历史模型：一系列由生产力量和生产关系组成的生产方式。

Now, " modes of production" might sound like they’re about how stuff is made, but Marx understood them as stages of history.

现在，“生产方式”听起来像是关于东西是如何制造的，但马克思将它们理解为历史的各个阶段。

Remember? He saw that changes in the forces of production are important in pushing the change from one mode of production to another.

记住？他看到生产力的变化对于推动从一种生产方式向另一种生产方式的转变很重要。

You also learned about modes of production, their development, and how they fit into Marx’s overall theory of historical development, along with class struggle and revolution.

您还了解了生产方式、它们的发展，以及它们如何融入马克思的整体历史发展理论， 以及阶级斗争和革命。

Crises of overproduction are an example of what Marx saw in every mode of production: the contradiction between the forces of production and the relations of production.

生产过剩危机是马克思在每一种生产方式中所看到的例子：生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾。