宫本武藏（天正12年（1584年）？—正保2年五月十九（1645年6月13日）），江户时代初期的剑术家、兵法家、艺术家，为创立二天一流剑道的始祖。

关于宫本武藏的名称，其本姓为藤原，惯常使用的宫本、新免则为其氏；幼名辨助或辨之助（日语：弁助、弁之助〔辨助〕／べんのすけ），名讳玄信，通称武藏，号二天、二天道乐。在其著作『五轮书』中以新免武蔵守藤原玄信署名；而在他亲笔写给有马直纯及松井兴长的书信上则署名「宫本武藏玄信」，长冈佐渡守书状中有「二天」这个称号。而熊本市削弓的墓碑上写有新免武蔵居士，养子伊织在武藏逝世之后9年创建《新免武蔵玄信二天居士碑》（小仓碑文）标明「播州赤松末流新免武蔵玄信二天居士」。死后71年后《本朝武芸小伝》以「政名」的名字介绍。自此所引用的系图及传记、武藏供养塔的介绍以及武藏的小说，多数使用「政名」的名字，二天一流门弟及宫本家史料等，没有使用「政名」的名字。

Miyamoto Musashi(宮本 武蔵, c. 1584 – June 13, 1645), also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke or, by his Buddhist name, Niten Dōraku, was an expert Japanese swordsman and rōnin. Musashi, as he was often simply known, became renowned through stories of his excellent and unique double bladed swordsmanship and undefeated record in his 60 duels (next to "only" 33 of Itō Ittōsai). He was the founder of the Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū or Niten-ryū style of swordsmanship and in his final years authored The Book of Five Rings(五輪の書,Go Rin no Sho), a book on strategy, tactics, and philosophy that is still studied today.