有丝分裂（英语：mitosis）是真核细胞将其细胞核中染色体分配到两个子核之中的过程。细胞核分裂后通常伴随着细胞质分裂，将细胞质、细胞器与细胞膜等细胞结构均等分配至子细胞中。有丝分裂与细胞质分裂被定义为细胞周期的分裂期，或M期；该过程产生两个与母细胞基因相同的子细胞。这个过程一般约占整个细胞周期的10％。

仅真核细胞可以进行有丝分裂，其过程在物种之间有所不同。例如，动物细胞进行“开放式”有丝分裂，核膜在染色体分裂前破裂。真菌则进行“封闭”式有丝分裂，在完整核膜中染色体即完成了向两个子核的分裂。原核细胞由于没有细胞核，只进行二分裂。

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, and each set ends up in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.