Protein folding

Illustration of the main driving force behind protein structure formation. In the compact fold (to the right), the hydrophobic
amino acids (shown as black spheres) are in general shielded from the solvent.

Folding@home uses Markov state models, like the one diagrammed here, to model the possible shapes and folding pathways a protein can take as it condenses from its initial randomly coiled state (left) into its native 3D structure (right).

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil. Each protein exists as an unfolded polypeptide or random coil when translated from a sequence of mRNA to a linear chain of amino acids. This polypeptide lacks any stable (long-lasting) three-dimensional structure (the left hand side of the first figure). Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (the right hand side of the figure), known as the native state. The resulting three-dimensional structure is determined by the amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma). Experiments beginning in the 1980s indicate the codon for an amino acid can also influence protein structure.

单词	Misfolded
释义	Misfolded 原声例句双语版 TED-Ed 演讲精选 The misfolded proteins and clumps may spread from cell to cell. 错误折叠的蛋白质和团块可能在细胞间传播。 Osmosis-神经 Normally, neurons contain a protein called alpha-synuclein, and in Lewy body dementia, this protein gets misfolded within the neurons. 正常情况下，神经元中含有一种叫作α-突触核蛋白的蛋白质；在路易体痴呆中，这种蛋白质在神经元中错误地折叠。 Osmosis-神经 The misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates to form Lewy bodies that deposit inside neurons, particularly in the cortex and the substantia nigra. 错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白聚集形成路易小体，沉积在神经元中，尤其是在皮层和黑质中。 Osmosis-心血管 Amyloids are proteins that have been misfolded, and once misfolded they become insoluble and can deposit in various tissues and organs, making them less compliant. 淀粉样蛋白是错误折叠的蛋白质，一旦折叠错误，它们就变得不可溶；这些蛋白可以沉积在很多的组织和器官当中，让其顺应性变差。自然杂志：人体健康 Another problem seen in animal models is that misfolded Tau proteins can spread, across synapses, into healthy neurons. 在动物模型中发现的另一个问题是错误折叠的 Tau 蛋白可以通过突触扩散到健康的神经元中。 Osmosis-心血管 Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder where mutant transthyretin protein, or TTR, is misfolded and prone to depositing in the heart tissue. 家族性淀粉样心肌病是一种基因疾病：突变的转甲状腺素蛋白（TTR）折叠错误，并易于在心脏组织中沉积。 Osmosis-呼吸 Misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin can aggregate and get stuck in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver hepatocytes where it's made, causing some of those cells to die. 错误折叠的α-1抗胰蛋白酶可聚集并阻塞于肝细胞内质网中，即α-1抗胰蛋白酶产生的地方，导致其中一部分肝细胞死亡。读者文摘选编 Researchers theorize that the misfolded protein sometimes travels up the vagus nerve to the brain, where it can affect cells involved with movement, causing the tremors that are a hallmark of Parkinson's. 研究人员推测，这种错误折叠的蛋白质有时会通过交感神经到达大脑，它可以影响与运动有关的细胞，引起震颤，这是帕金森氏症的一个特征。英语百科 Protein folding Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil. Each protein exists as an unfolded polypeptide or random coil when translated from a sequence of mRNA to a linear chain of amino acids. This polypeptide lacks any stable (long-lasting) three-dimensional structure (the left hand side of the first figure). Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (the right hand side of the figure), known as the native state. The resulting three-dimensional structure is determined by the amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma). Experiments beginning in the 1980s indicate the codon for an amino acid can also influence protein structure.
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Misfolded

Protein folding