欧洲民族大迁徙是一个4到7世纪间，由匈人入侵欧洲大陆所触发的一连串民族迁徙运动；在西方历史研究中，这段约四百年的时期，称为「民族大迁徙时期」。

匈人入侵东欧与中国历史上记载的匈奴西迁，在地理及时间上吻合；惟学界一直对匈人与匈奴人是否同源，尚然未有定论。

无论匈人来源为何，因其入侵欧洲，包括东哥特人、西哥特人、汪达尔人、勃艮第人、伦巴底人、法兰克人和其他日耳曼人及斯拉夫等「蛮族」（由自诩文明进步的罗马人角度而言）被迫西迁，导致西罗马帝国受到连番侵攻而灭亡，这在欧洲历史上称为「蛮族入侵」（The Barbarian Invasions）。

The Migration Period, also known as the Völkerwanderung (German), and from the Roman perspective also referred to as the Barbarian invasions, was a period of large-scale migrations with or without accompanying invasions or war in Europe. It is often defined as starting from the period when it seriously affected the Roman world, running from about 376 to 800 AD during the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. This period was marked by profound changes both within the Roman Empire and beyond. The first people movements were Germanic tribes such as the Goths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Lombards, Suebi, Frisii, Jutes and Franks; they were later pushed westwards by the Huns, Avars, Slavs, Bulgars. Later invasions (such as the Viking, Norman, Hungarian, Moorish, Turkic, and Mongol invasions) also had significant effects (especially in North Africa, the Iberian peninsula, Anatolia and Central and Eastern Europe); however, they are outside the scope of the Migration Period.