So, what determines the membership of our gut microbial community?

那么是什么因素决定了我们的肠道里有哪些细菌呢？

So what would a map of all these microbial communities look like?

这些微生物菌落的分布图 会是什么样的呢？

Each point here represents all the complex microbes in an entire microbial community.

每一个点都代表着 一整个微生物菌落中的所有复杂的微生物。

It turns out that our first microbial communities depend a lot on how we're born.

事实表明我们的第一个微生物菌落大多取决于我们是怎样出生的。

The researchers say that early lung colonization by a diverse, protective microbial community appears crucial.

这些研究人员们表示，肺在早期就被多种有保护作用的微生物群落光顾是很重要的。

They tracked the genetic signatures of that microbial community as it waned and waxed after death.

他们对人体死后微生物群落兴衰枯容的遗传特征进行了跟踪研究。

What doesn't function well are gut microbial communities with only a few different types of workers.

而缺乏物种多样性的肠内菌落无法良好地运作。

They moved more slowly, and were more likely to form biofilms, slimy microbial communities that are hardier than individuals.

它们移动速度较慢，更容易形成菌膜，是比个体更坚韧的粘稠微生物群体。

On the surface of microplastics, new microbial communities can grow.

在微塑料的表面， 新的微生物群落可以生长。

Diverse plant communities support diverse microbial communities that can transform and store more carbon.

多样化的植物群落支持多样化的微生物群落，这些微生物群落可以转化和储存更多的碳。

You are and you're highly motivated to keep that microbial community happy and healthy.

- 你是并且你非常积极地保持那个微生物群落快乐和健康。

So to harness these benefits, we need a way to precisely and reproducibly control these microbial communities.

因此，为了利用这些好处，我们需要一种方法来精确且可重复地控制这些微生物群落。

We were happy this morning because we found colonisation systems we placed here five years ago now colonised by microbial communities which produce these minerals.

今天早上我们很高兴，因为我们发现了五年前我们放置在这里的繁殖系统现在被生产这些矿物质的微生物群落占据了。

When the soil starts to dry, the microbial community goes dormant, and the field stops emitting methane emissions.

当土壤开始干燥时，微生物群落就会进入休眠状态，田地就会停止排放甲烷。

Although this dramatic life cycle occurs beyond the limits of our vision, microbial communities provide humans and other species with tangible, and sometimes even delicious, benefits.

虽然这种奇妙的生命系统超出我们的目力所及，但微生物群落为人类和其他物种提供了有形的益处，有时这种益处甚至非常美味。

Each is a different habitat for microbial communities: from the arid deserts of our skin, to the villages on our lips, and the cities in our mouths.

从荒漠般的皮肤表面，到嘴唇上的微生物村落，还有口腔内的微型城镇。

These calcareous structures — the result of what was a brand-new process, using solar radiation as a source of energy — are stromatolites, constructed by complex microbial communities, in particular cyanobacteria.

这些钙质结构是叠层石，由复杂的微生物群落构成，特别是蓝藻细菌。这是一个全新的过程，利用太阳辐射作为能量来源。

The gut microbial community plays an important role in human health, and its composition has been linked to many diseases – from metabolic to neurological.

肠道微生物群落在人类健康中起着重要作用， 其组成与许多疾病有关——从代谢性疾病到神经系统疾病。

Dogs, and also cats, influence the microbial communities in our homes so much that if your mother lives with a cat or dog while she's pregnant with you, you're about 30% less likely to suffer from allergies as a child.

狗，还有猫，对我们家里的微生物群落影响很大，如果你的母亲在怀你的时候和猫或狗住在一起，你小时候患过敏症的可能性就会降低 30% 左右。