Michelson–Morley experiment

Figure 1. Michelson and Morley's interferometric setup, mounted on a stone slab that floats in an annular trough of mercury.

Figure 2. A depiction of the concept of the

Figure 3. Michelson's 1881 interferometer. Although ultimately it proved incapable of distinguishing between differing theories of aether-dragging, its construction provided important lessons for the design of Michelson and Morley's 1887 instrument.[note 1]

Figure 5. This figure illustrates the folded light path used in the Michelson–Morley interferometer that enabled a path length of 11 m. a is the light source, an oil lamp. b is a beam splitter. c is a compensating plate so that both the reflected and transmitted beams travel through the same amount of glass (important since experiments were run with white light which has an extremely short coherence length requiring precise matching of optical path lengths for fringes to be visible; monochromatic sodium light was used only for initial alignment[4][note 2]). d, d' and e are mirrors. e' is a fine adjustment mirror. f is a telescope.

The Michelson–Morley experiment was performed over the spring and summer of 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and published in November of the same year. It compared the speed of light in perpendicular directions, in an attempt to detect the relative motion of matter through the stationary luminiferous aether ("aether wind"). The result was negative, in that the expected difference between the speed of light in the direction of movement through the presumed aether, and the speed at right angles, was found not to exist; this result is generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the then-prevalent aether theory, and initiated a line of research that eventually led to special relativity, which rules out a stationary aether. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution".

单词	Michelson Morley Experiment
释义	Michelson Morley Experiment 原声例句经济学人-综合 But then, in 1887, no one could have foreseen the consequences of the Michelson-Morley experiment. 但是在1887年也没人预见迈克耳孙-莫雷实验的结果。万物简史 In the short term it would help to provide a solution to the puzzle of the Michelson-Morley experiments in that it demonstrated that light needn't be a wave after all. 从短期来说，它能为迈克尔逊-莫雷实验之谜提供一种解释，因为它表明光原来不一定是一种波动。 2023-37 But the famous Michelson-Morley experiment in 1887, though designed to establish the velocity of the earth with respect to this ether, failed to find any velocity. 但 1887 年著名的迈克尔逊-莫雷实验虽然旨在确定地球相对于以太的速度，但未能找到任何速度。英语百科 Michelson–Morley experiment The Michelson–Morley experiment was performed over the spring and summer of 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and published in November of the same year. It compared the speed of light in perpendicular directions, in an attempt to detect the relative motion of matter through the stationary luminiferous aether ("aether wind"). The result was negative, in that the expected difference between the speed of light in the direction of movement through the presumed aether, and the speed at right angles, was found not to exist; this result is generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the then-prevalent aether theory, and initiated a line of research that eventually led to special relativity, which rules out a stationary aether. The experiment has been referred to as "the moving-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution".
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Michelson Morley Experiment

Michelson–Morley experiment