米歇尔·德·蒙田（法语：Michel de Montaigne，姓又译蒙泰涅；1533年2月28日－1592年9月13日）是法国在北方文艺复兴时期最有标志性的哲学家，以《随笔集》（Essais）三卷留名后世。《随笔集》在西方文学史上占有重要地位，作者另辟新径，不避谦疑大谈自己，开卷即说：「吾书之素材无他，即吾人也。」（je suis moi-même la matière de mon livre.）

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (/mɒnˈteɪn/; French: [miʃɛl ekɛm də mɔ̃tɛɲ]; 28 February 1533 – 13 September 1592) was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with serious intellectual insight; his massive volume Essais (translated literally as "Attempts" or "Trials") contains some of the most influential essays ever written. Montaigne had a direct influence on writers all over the world, including Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Albert Hirschman, William Hazlitt, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Friedrich Nietzsche, Stefan Zweig, Eric Hoffer, Isaac Asimov, and possibly on the later works of William Shakespeare.