Wherever you look, covid-19 throws up a miasma of such trade-offs.

放眼望去，病毒所到之处都掀起了这股艰难取舍的雾瘴。

It was everything that miasma believers feared.

这正是相信瘴气理论的人所害怕的。

In the mid-19th Century, if you got sick, there was only one explanation: miasma.

在 19 世纪中期，如果你生病了，只有一种解释：瘴气。

By the time Florence Nightingale came along, miasma wasn't the only theory in town.

到了弗洛伦丝·南丁格尔的年代，瘴气已经不是唯一的理论了。

But miasma was still the theory British politicians and army medical brass believed.

但是瘴气仍然是英国政客和军队医疗高层所相信的理论。

One of the oldest and most commonly held beliefs about the spread of disease was a practice known as “miasma theory.”

关于疾病的传播，最古老和最普遍持有的信念之一是一种被称为“瘴气理论”的东西。

You have surrounded this house with a miasma of scandal and touched all of us by association.

你让这个家陷入丑闻之中给我们也带来了连带伤害。

This recipe was inspired by the famed 2nd century Greco-Roman physician Galen, and was thought to ward off poisoned air known as miasma.

这个食谱的灵感来自 2 世纪著名的希腊罗马医生盖伦，被认为可以抵御被称为瘴气的有毒空气。

They consulted the works of earlier physicians for guidance, did what they could to fend off miasma, and prescribed a variety of concoctions and antidotes.

他们参考了早期医生的著作以寻求指导，尽其所能抵御瘴气，并开出了各种混合物和解毒剂。

As one observer at the time wrote, the intention was to kill off those inside, because the " intolerable stench" of the corpses' miasma would spread the disease into the air and water.

正如当时的一位观察者所写的，其目的是杀死城市里面的人，因为尸体的瘴气发出的“无法忍受的恶臭”会将疾病传播到空气和水中。

The rest of the costume, which included an oiled leather robe, boots and gloves, acted as kind of an early hazmat suit, likely designed to block miasma from entering through the skin's pores.

服装的其余部分包括一件涂油的皮袍、靴子和手套，类似于早期的防护服， 可能是为了阻止瘴气通过皮肤毛孔进入。

Today we know that the plague spreads through a bacterium transmitted by fleas, but at the time the prevailing theory was that " miasma" , a kind of toxic cloud, made people sick when they breathed it in.

今天，我们知道黑死病是通过跳蚤传播的细菌传播导致，但当时流行的理论是一种“瘴气”导致了黑死病，后者是一种使人吸入后患病的毒雾。

Not long before the Crimean War, miasma theory had become so widely accepted that the British government actually approved a plan to drain sewage into drinking water, because that would be less harmful than letting it pong on the surface.

在克里米亚战争前不久，瘴气理论被广泛接受，以至于英国政府批准了一项将污水排入饮用水的计划，因为这样比让污水在地面上散发更无害。