中部公约组织又名中东条约组织成立于1955年，组织成员国为亚洲的伊拉克、土耳其、伊朗、巴基斯坦。该组织为亚洲中东地区的跨国区域性安全组织，组织以军事合作为主。始成立时，总部设于伊拉克首都巴格达。

1959年3月，成员国之一伊拉克退出该组织，组织总部亦从原来巴格达迁至土耳其安卡拉，同时并接纳美国为观察国。1979年，主要成员国之一的伊朗发生政变，该组织也随即瓦解。

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. It was dissolved in 1979.

U.S. pressure and promises of military and economic aid were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, although the United States could not initially participate. John Foster Dulles, who was involved in the negotiations, ascribed this to "the pro-Israel lobby and the difficulty of obtaining Congressional Approval." Others said the reason was "for purely technical reasons of budgeting procedures." In 1958, the United States joined the military committee of the alliance. It is generally viewed as one of the least successful of the Cold War alliances. The organization's headquarters were located in Baghdad (Iraq) in 1955–1958 and in Ankara (Turkey) in 1958–1979. Cyprus was also an important location for CENTO due to its positioning within the Middle East and the British Sovereign Base Areas situated on the island.