天文学上的撞击事件（英语：Impact event）是指地球或其他行星和小行星、彗星等其他天体互相碰撞的事件。根据历史记载，有数百个在特定地区造成死伤以及财物损失的小型撞击事件（包含火流星爆炸）被记录下来。在海洋发生的撞击事件可能造成海啸对海洋和海岸造成损害。

最近的一次重大撞击事件发生在700 BC爱沙尼亚的卡里，形成卡里陨石坑。

自从撞击事件研究成为现在科学界的显学后，在许多科幻作品中撞击事件是重要的情节和背景知识。

An impact event is a collision between celestial objects causing measurable effects. Impact events have physical consequences and have been found to regularly occur in planetary systems, though the most frequent involve asteroids, comets or meteoroids and have minimal impact. When large objects impact terrestrial planets like the Earth, there can be significant physical and biospheric consequences, though atmospheres mitigate many surface impacts through atmospheric entry. Impact craters and structures are dominant landforms on many of the Solar System's solid objects and present the strongest empirical evidence for their frequency and scale.