雄黄，α-As₄S₄又称作石黄、黄金石、鸡冠石，是一种含硫和砷的矿石，质软，性脆，通常为粒状，紧密状块，或者粉末，条痕呈浅桔红色。主要成分是四硫化四砷（90%以上）。雄黄主要产于低温热液矿床中，常与雌黄（As₂S₃）、辉锑矿、辰砂共生；产于温泉沉积物和硫质火山喷气孔内沉积物的雄黄，则常与雌黄共生。不溶于水和盐酸，可溶于硝酸，溶液呈黄色。置于阳光下曝晒，会变为黄色的雌黄和砷华，所以保存应避光以免受风化。雄黄要被煅烧才会被氧化为剧毒成分三氧化二砷，即砒霜。

Realgar, α-As₄S₄, is an arsenic sulfide mineral, also known as "ruby sulphur" or "ruby of arsenic". It is a soft, sectile mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, or in granular, compact, or powdery form, often in association with the related mineral, orpiment (As₂S₃). It is orange-red in color, melts at 320 °C, and burns with a bluish flame releasing fumes of arsenic and sulfur. Realgar is soft with a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a specific gravity of 3.5. Its streak is orange colored. It is trimorphous with alacranite and pararealgar. Its name comes from the Arabic rahj al-ġār (رهج الغار, "powder of the mine"), via Catalan and Medieval Latin, and its earliest record in English is in the 1390s.