测距仪 (Distance Measuring Equipment, 以下简称 DME) 是通过无线电测量飞行器到导航台距离的一种装置。DME工作在超高频段，分机载设备和地面设备两部分。基本工作原理是：机载设备发射一个脉冲信号，地面设备接收到该信号后返回给机载设备一个应答信号。机载设备根据发射信号和接收到应答信号的时间差，就可以结合无线电波的速度算出飞行器与地面台站的距离。

应当注意的是，机载设备计算并显示出距离是飞行器与地面台站的斜边距离，通过简单的三角函数即可知道，飞行器在地面的投影与台站的距离是略小于这个斜边距离的。飞行器高度越高，距离台站越近，斜距误差也就越大。通常在十几海里以外误差可以忽略。

Distance measuring equipment (DME) is a transponder-based radio navigation technology that measures slant range distance by timing the propagation delay of VHF or UHF radio signals.

Developed in Australia, it was invented by James "Gerry" Gerrand under the supervision of Edward George "Taffy" Bowen while employed as Chief of the Division of Radiophysics of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Another engineered version of the system was deployed by Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Limited in the early 1950s operating in the 200 MHz VHF band. This Australian domestic version was referred to by the Federal Department of Civil Aviation as DME(D) (or DME Domestic), and the later international version adopted by ICAO as DME(I).