马克斯·卡尔·恩斯特·路德维希·普朗克（德语：Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck，1858年4月23日－1947年10月4日），德国物理学家，量子力学的创始人，20世纪最重要的物理学家之一，因发现能量量子而对物理学的发展做出了重要贡献，并在1918年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

作为一个理论物理学家，普朗克最大的贡献是首先提出了量子论。这个理论彻底改变人类对原子与次原子的认识，正如爱因斯坦的相对论改变人类对时间和空间的认识，这两个理论一起构成了20世纪物理学的基础。

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, FRS (/plɑːŋk/; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose work on quantum theory won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as an originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. However, his name is also known on a broader academic basis, through the renaming in 1948 of the German scientific institution, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (of which he was twice president), as the Max Planck Society (MPS). The MPS now includes 83 institutions representing a wide range of scientific directions.