在统计学中，最大似然估计，也称为最大概似估计，是用来估计一个概率模型的参数的一种方法。

下边的讨论要求读者熟悉概率论中的基本定义，如概率分布、概率密度函数、随机变量、数学期望等。同时，还要求读者熟悉连续实函数的基本技巧，比如使用微分来求一个函数的极值（即极大值或极小值）。

In statistics, maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model given data.

The method of maximum likelihood corresponds to many well-known estimation methods in statistics. For example, one may be interested in the heights of adult female penguins, but be unable to measure the height of every single penguin in a population due to cost or time constraints. Assuming that the heights are normally distributed with some unknown mean and variance, the mean and variance can be estimated with MLE while only knowing the heights of some sample of the overall population. MLE would accomplish this by taking the mean and variance as parameters and finding particular parametric values that make the observed results the most probable given the model.