莫纳克亚山天文台（Mauna Kea Observatories, MKO）坐落在美国夏威夷群岛大岛上中北部的休眠火山毛纳基山（又称冒纳凯阿山）顶峰上，海拔4205米，是世界著名的天文学研究场所。所有的设施都在毛纳基（冒纳凯阿）的科学保留区，占地500英亩，被特别称为「天文园区」的土地内。天文园区在1967年设立，由夏威夷大学的管理处承租该区的土地，并且由许多国家合作在科学与技术上投资了20亿美元。天文园区位于对夏威夷文化有历史意义的土地上，成为历史保存行动要保护的土地，因为夏威夷的歌谣历史故事称毛纳基山是夏威夷人祖先的发源地。他的高度和孤立在太平洋的中央，使毛纳基山成为在地球上进行天文观测很重要的陆上基地，对次微米、红外线和光学，都是理想的观测地点。在视象度上的统计，显示在光学和红外在线都有很好的影像品质，例如，加法夏望远镜一般都有0.43秒角的分辨率。

The Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) are a number of independent astronomical research facilities and large telescope observatories that are located at the summit of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawai'i, United States. The facilities are located in a 525-acre (212 ha) special land use zone known as the "Astronomy Precinct", which is located within the 11,228-acre (4,544 ha) Mauna Kea Science Reserve. The Astronomy Precinct was established in 1967 and is located on land protected by the Historical Preservation Act for its significance to Hawaiian culture.