防止船舶污染国际公约（英语：International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships，简称MARPOL），现称「关于1973年防止船舶污染国际公约之1978年议定书（英语：Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships 1973，简称英语：MARPOL 73/78）」，是国际海事组织针对海上船舶因例行作业产生之故意性油类物质污染行为，并设法减少船舶因意外事故或操作疏失所形成之偶发性污染行为所制定之国际公约。

MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. ("MARPOL" is short for marine pollution and 73/78 short for the years 1973 and 1978.)

MARPOL 73/78 is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization in an effort to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air pollution. The objective of this convention is to preserve the marine environment in an attempt to completely eliminate pollution by oil and other harmful substances and to minimize accidental spillage of such substances.