在经济学和金融学中，边际成本指的是每一单位添加生产的产品（或者购买的产品）带来的总成本的增量。

这个概念表明每一单位的产品的成本与总产品量有关。比如，仅生产一辆汽车的成本是极其巨大的，而生产第101辆汽车的成本就低得多，而生产第10000汽车的成本就更低了（这是因为规模经济）。

但是，考虑到机会成本，随着生产量的增加，边际成本可能会增加。还是这个例子，生产新的一辆车时，所用的材料可能有更好的用处，所以要尽量用最少的材料生产出最多的车，这样才能提高边际收益。

边际成本和单位平均成本不一样，单位平均成本考虑了全部的产品，而边际成本忽略了最后一个产品之前的。例如，每辆汽车的平均成本包括生产第一辆车的很大的固定成本（在每辆车上进行分配）。而边际成本根本不考虑固定成本。

In economics, marginal cost is the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit, that is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good. In general terms, marginal cost at each level of production includes any additional costs required to produce the next unit. For example, if producing additional vehicles requires building a new factory, the marginal cost of the extra vehicles includes the cost of the new factory. In practice, this analysis is segregated into short and long-run cases, so that, over the longest run, all costs become marginal. At each level of production and time period being considered, marginal costs include all costs that vary with the level of production, whereas other costs that do not vary with production are considered fixed.