Management entrenchment

Management is a type of labor but with a special role-coordinating the activities of inputs and carrying out the contracts agreed among inputs, all of which can be characterized as "decision making." Managers usually face disciplinary forces by making themselves irreplaceable in a way that the company would lose without them. A manager has an incentive to invest the firm’s resources in assets whose value is higher under him than under the best alternative manager, even when such investments are not value-maximizing.